General Situation of Duck Raising Inside and Outside 1. Province

Duck farming is a fast-growing industry in the world. The number of ducks slaughtered has more than doubled from 1.162 billion in 1993 to about 2.5 billion in 2005, and the output of duck meat has more than doubled from 1.72 million tons to about 3.7 million tons.

The world ducks in Asia, Asian ducks in China. Asian ducks account for 89% of the world's cages and 83% of the world's duck meat. There are about 1.2 billion duck cages in the world, of which about 0.874 billion in China, accounting for 73% of the world's duck cages. China's duck cages account for about 14% of poultry cages. There are about 2.3 billion ducks released annually in the world, of which 1.7 billion are released in China, accounting for 74% of the world's ducks. China's annual duck meat production is about 2.2 million tons, accounting for 60% of the world's duck egg production. China produces 3.6 million tons of duck eggs annually, accounting for 15% of poultry egg production and 2.7 metric per capita in the country.

Thailand has the largest number of duck eggs per capita in the world, with 300000 tons of duck eggs per capita, 4.8 kilograms per capita, accounting for 37% of poultry egg production. Indonesia and Vietnam produce more than 100,000 tons of duck eggs. The world's per capita duck meat 0.55kg, duck meat accounted for 4.3 of poultry meat, China's per capita duck meat 1.7kg, duck meat accounted for 16% of poultry meat.

The first major duck-raising province in China is Sichuan, with 0.12 billion cages, accounting for 18% of the country's total. The second is 9500 cages in Hunan, the third is 65 million cages in Shandong, the fourth is 63 million cages in Jiangxi, the fifth is 60 million cages in Fujian, the sixth is close to 60 million cages in Guangxi, the seventh is 50 million cages in Zhejiang, the eighth is 45 million cages in Jiangsu, the ninth is 47 million cages in Anhui, and the tenth is Hubei. At the end of 2005, there were 35.0567 million ducks in cages, accounting for 13.99 per cent of the caged birds. 56.8491 million out of cages, with ducks accounting for 15.33 per cent of caged birds. 210900 tons of duck eggs. The output of poultry meat is 479400 tons, of which the output of duck meat is about 85000 tons. The duck cages in our province are the 10th in the country and the duck cages are the 12th in the country. Duck cages in our province account for 5.4 percent of the country's total, duck cages account for 3 percent of the country's total, duck meat production accounts for 4 percent of the country's total, and duck egg production accounts for 6 percent of the country's total. Our province's per capita duck meat 1.4kg, per capita duck eggs 3.5kg. Duck meat production in our province accounts for 17.9 of poultry meat production, and duck egg production accounts for 17.5 of poultry egg production.

The national consumption of remade eggs is 0.06kg per person per month, I .e. one egg per month. Tianjin consumes the most, with 0.13kg per person per month and Hainan consuming the least, with 0.01kg per person per month.

The country exported 0.35 billion eggs, accounting for 25% of the country's egg exports, with an annual export value of US $27 million. It accounts for 40% of the country's egg exports. The main export destinations are the United States, Japan and Hong Kong, accounting for 65% of the export volume of remanufactured eggs. The five major domestic egg export provinces are Guangdong, Liaoning, Fujian, Shandong and Hubei.

The level of raising ducks in our province is slightly higher than the national average. There are 13 counties and cities in our province that produce more than 5000 tons of duck eggs per year, of which Tianmen, Xiantao, Yingcheng, Jianli and Hanchuan counties and cities have more than 10,000 tons of duck per year. There are 11 counties and cities with more than 1 million annual cage ducks: Tianmen, Yingcheng, Huangpi, Hanchuan, Jianli, Yunmeng, Xiantao, Zengdu District, Zaoyang, Xiangyang District and Jiangxia District. There are 16 counties and cities with 1 million ducks, of which Huangpi, Jiangxia, Yunmeng, Dongxihu, Caidian and Zaoyang are the counties and cities with more than 1 million meat ducks annually.

In recent years, our province has exported more than 4000 tons of salt and preserved eggs, about 55 million pieces,. 2 million salt egg yolks were exported, with an export value of more than 400 million US dollars. The export of waterfowl eggs in our province accounts for about 1/7 of the country's total, and its export status has declined with the development of duck farming in other provinces and cities in China.

Duck raising in our province is mainly small and medium-scale raising by farmers, and the mode of production is relatively backward. At present, there are 26 waterfowl breeding communities, including 9 communities with more than 100000 laying ducks and 7 communities with more than 200000 meat ducks released annually. There are 1.856 million laying ducks and 1.853 million meat ducks coexisting in the community. The duck cages in the residential area only account for 10% of the duck cages in the whole province. More than 100 ducks were released from 56000 households in the province, with 25.7 million ducks released, accounting for 40% of the ducks released.

Duck raising is lower than the southern Sichuan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces. For example, Sichuan Province has 0.34 billion ducks released annually, accounting for 18% of the country's total, more than 6 times that of our province. Guangdong Province, duck meat accounted for 35% of poultry meat, duck eggs accounted for 37% of poultry eggs.

2. Problems of Duck Raising in Our Province

(I) is the duck breeding system is not perfect. There are few duck farms, small scale, backward facilities, mixed varieties of social waterfowl production, unstable seed supply and low seed rate. At present, there are only 4 large-scale standardized duck breeding farms in our province, with less than 100000 eggs and meat breeding ducks. The production of ducks in the province is mostly mixed varieties and commercial hybrids. Modern waterfowl production, mostly use hybrid matching lines, due to the imperfect breeding system, more standardized duck farms, one is the low quality of seed supply, the other is the lack of seed supply capacity. In addition, the production level of local waterfowl varieties in our province is low, and there are no excellent laying ducks and meat ducks suitable for large-scale promotion. The improved varieties needed for production must be introduced from outside the province. The imperfect breeding system of improved varieties is the primary factor restricting the development of waterfowl in our province.

The (II) is that the processing industry of meat duck lags behind. Meat duck processing in our province has been a small-scale workshop-style production for a long time. The construction of leading enterprises started late, and the larger-scale processing enterprises were completed and put into production only 1-2 years ago. Therefore, the driving force for the industry is weak. Due to the backward processing, the main sales of live ducks, the processing value-added is low, the degree of industrialization is low, the price is controlled by others, and the income of farmers raising ducks is unstable, resulting in the ups and downs of waterfowl production. Due to the late start of processing, small scale and few strong brands, waterfowl production in our province is at a disadvantage in the competition of the same industry in China.

(III) is the backward mode of production. At present, the vast majority of duck production in our province is traditional scattered stocking by thousands of households, with small scale, extensive management and low production level. Intensive and large-scale waterfowl production is an inevitable trend of development, but at present, duck farming only accounts for 10% of cages.

The (IV) is the lack of investment and policy support. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the investment in the construction of animal husbandry projects in our province has been very little, almost blank, and the infrastructure of waterfowl supply, commodity production, processing, sales and service is weak. In particular, the processing technology of duck egg remaking in our province is in the forefront in China. However, due to the lack of support and limited funds, processing enterprises can not compete with large enterprises in other provinces. A large number of high-quality raw eggs flow into other provinces every year, reducing value-added opportunities.

3. the Advantages of Developing Duck Raising in Our Province

From the basic conditions of animal husbandry resources, location advantages and scientific and technological advantages, our province has unique conditions for the development of waterfowl.

One is the resource advantage. Our province is known as the "province of a thousand lakes", with a vast water area, rich aquatic biological resources, and good ecological conditions for the development of waterfowl. In addition, in the Jianghan Plain and other lakeside areas, the area of tidal flat grassland is large, about 1.16 million mu, which is the advantageous area for the development of goose production. In terms of waterfowl development conditions, our province is much superior to Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. Due to the superior production conditions of waterfowl in our province, the red duck eggs produced have long been a popular product in the domestic market.

Two is the location advantage. Our province is located in the central region of the "thoroughfare of nine provinces". It is very convenient for livestock products to enter and exit from east to west and travel from south to north. The location advantage is obvious. As long as the investment environment is improved, many entrepreneurs are willing to invest in the development of animal husbandry and animal product processing industry in Hubei.

Three is the advantage of science and technology. Our province has strong technical support from scientific research institutions such as Huazhong Agricultural University, Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Agricultural College, and a group of professional and technical personnel who have long been engaged in animal husbandry and veterinary technology promotion, teaching, and scientific research, and have the ability to support our province The technical needs of the rapid development of the industry.

Four is the cost advantage. In the eastern regions of Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and other eastern regions where duck breeding is more developed in my country, the level of rural and social economic development is higher than that of our province, so the cost of land and labor is higher than that of our province. Our province vigorously develops waterfowl production, and its cost is relatively lower than that of the eastern region. The production cost and products of waterfowl in our province are more competitive.

Five is the product marketing advantage. Shendan Company, the largest egg marketing enterprise in China, is located in our province, and its sales network is all over the country. Its products enter more than 3000 domestic supermarkets such as Carrefour and Wal-Mart, and some products are sold to Japan, Southeast Asia and the United States. This marketing channel has created a favorable for the export and domestic sales of waterfowl products in our province.

Six is the product advantage.

Hubei is a large province of high-quality duck egg production in China, and its products are well sold in China.

After duck eggs are processed into salt eggs, the calcium content of eggs increases greatly, with 512 mg of calcium per 100g of eggs, which is more than 10 times higher than that of fresh duck eggs. Duck eggs processed into preserved eggs, egg calories and cholesterol content are reduced, so it is customary to say that eating preserved eggs to reduce fire is reasonable. The unsaturated fatty acids in duck eggs are higher than that in eggs. The unsaturated fatty acids in eggs account for 58% of fat and 62% of duck eggs.

The market risk of raising ducks is small. Raising laying ducks is less risky than raising laying hens. First, ducks have strong disease resistance and few diseases; second, duck eggs are mostly re-produced eggs on the market, with a buffer time for processing, which can avoid the adverse effects of low egg prices during epidemics.

4. Development Ideas and Suggestions

One is to strengthen the construction of waterfowl breeding system. In view of the fact that our province has not supported the waterfowl breeding system, and the breeding system is the primary condition for the development of waterfowl production, it is suggested that the provincial finance should increase the construction fund of waterfowl breeding system by 5 million yuan every year from 2006, and establish a number of duck breeding farms in the province as soon as possible, so as to solve the problem of providing improved breeders for social ducks. To support the construction of duck breeding farms for parents of eggs and meat ducks, 30 counties and cities with an annual output of 1 million meat ducks and an annual output of about 5000 tons of duck eggs can be selected to establish duck breeding farms suitable for production development.

Two is to support the development of waterfowl products processing leading enterprises. Adopt preferential policies to attract domestic and foreign merchants to invest in waterfowl product processing; support the province's waterfowl product brand building and leading enterprises. The current one is to focus on supporting Shendan Company, Jiuzhu, Lake and other companies in the skin, salt egg processing bigger and stronger. The second is to support Fuls, Dadi and Jingwu to make meat duck products bigger and stronger. It is recommended to strengthen credit support for key waterfowl leading enterprises.

The third is to strengthen the support for the construction of waterfowl advantage industrial belt. Focus on the construction of 10 counties, including Chibi, Honghu, Jianli, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Jiangling, Shayang, Huangpi, Jiangxia, and Gongan, the dominant waterfowl production areas in the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain.

Four is to vigorously develop waterfowl breeding community, increase the support of the community construction funds. It is suggested to increase the construction fund of waterfowl special breeding community, which will be included in the provincial financial support fund of 10 million yuan every year. In 40 counties and cities in the main waterfowl producing areas of our province, each county and city will develop 5-10 egg duck communities with more than 100000 eggs. Around two large waterfowl processing enterprises, in the counties and cities around Wuhan, 20 annual meat duck breeding communities with more than 500000 meat ducks will be established.

Five is to strengthen the support of scientific and technological innovation in the waterfowl industry. In order to promote the development of waterfowl industry in our province, we should strengthen the support for the following technological innovation, product development and new technology promotion. 1. It is necessary to organize the breeding of local waterfowl varieties and the cultivation of new varieties in our province to solve the problem of breeding waterfowl production in our province, especially the breeding and development of Jingjiang hemp ducks. 2, the development of Hubei red duck egg production technical specifications; 3. Accelerate the popularization and application of coating preservation and vacuum preservation technology to make duck and goose products better adapt to market circulation and consumption needs; 4. Promote the three-dimensional ecological breeding of fish, duck, fish and goose and the standardized production of breeding communities to improve the comprehensive breeding efficiency; 5. Formulation and implementation of green and pollution-free technical specifications for production and product processing.

Some Opinions on the Promotion of Duck Production Technology in 5.

In poultry production, in general, the current scientific and technological content of raising ducks is low. The following technologies should be promoted in the near future:

1. Egg ducks are forced to moult. In general, ducks moult in late summer and early autumn. Due to individual differences, the moulting time is long, the egg laying height is not obvious, and the individual differences are large when ducks are eliminated. Therefore, forced moulting can be promoted. This can be kept in a centralized manner. On the first day, the feed and water supply will be stopped, the feed and water supply will be stopped for 2-4 days, then the main wing feather and tail feather will be plucked, and the feeding will be started on the fifth day. Generally, the duck will re-enter the egg production peak after 2 weeks of plucking and moulting.

2. Do a good job in the immunization of laying ducks and pay attention to the immunization of avian influenza.

1-day duck hepatitis 0.25 ml

6-day-old duck serositis Escherichia coli 0.5 ml

10-15 days old duck plague avian influenza 0.5 Bosheng

30-day-old fowl cholera Escherichia coli 0.5 ml

40-day-old duck plague avian influenza 0.5 Bosheng

70-day-old fowl cholera Escherichia coli 1 head portion

80-day-old bird flu duck plague 1 head portion

85-day-old egg loss syndrome 1 serving

3. Promote the use of green feed additives: The International Food Standards Committee and European countries stipulate that the maximum drug residues in eggs (micrograms/g) tylosin 200, erythromycin 150, tetracycline 200, neomycin 500, and other drugs shall not be detected. China's regulations: chlortetracycline 200, oxytetracycline 200, sulfonamide 100, cyprochlorazine 50, furazolidone is zero. Drug residues in eggs and drugs in protein reflect the plasma drug level. It usually takes 2-3 days for protein to reach a stable level, 8-10 days for egg yolk, no drug can be found in protein after 2-3 days of drug withdrawal, and no drug can be found in egg yolk after 10 days of drug withdrawal.

Different drug residues in eggs, sulfa drugs, doxycycline, quinolone protein residues were higher than egg yolk, tetracyclines, erythromycin, kanamycin, ivermectin, salinomycin, chloramphenicol, amproline, furan yolk residues were higher than protein, spiramycin, tylosin protein, egg yolk residues were irregular.

recommend used additives:

Oregano oil egg duck feed 80-100 mg per kilogram.

0.1% of oligosaccharides were added.

Saccharicterpenin. When 500 grams per ton of feed is added, the effect is better than that of general antibiotic additives (bacitracin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, olaquindox). In the experiment of laying hens, when adding 400 grams per ton of feed, compared with the control group, the egg production rate was 4.5% higher, the death rate decreased by 1.1%, and the feed remuneration increased by 8.4%. Another experiment was conducted on green-shell laying hens. Adding 600 grams per ton of feed reduced feed intake by 2.4, egg production rate increased by 7.9, egg weight increased by 2.1, feed efficiency increased by 14%, and comprehensive benefits increased by 12%.

4, recommend use of duck special material. The niacin requirement of ducks is twice that of chickens, 0-4 60 mg/kg of feed at the same age, 55-60 mg of breeding ducks and 50-60 mg of laying ducks.

5, the promotion of duck nipple drinking water. Clean and hygienic, timely water supply, 100 ducklings, 15 young ducks and 100 laying ducks, 20.

6, the promotion of fish and duck supporting efficient mode. Save 200-300 yuan of fish feed and chemical fertilizer per mu of water surface, 80-120 ducks per mu of intensive fish pond, increase the yield of fish by 5-8%, save cost and increase income by 400-500 yuan.

7. Red Heart Egg Production

(1) the method of producing red heart eggs:

Consumers like red heart eggs, which is of certain significance to salted egg production. The price per kilogram of eggs produced manually through feed additives is 0.2-0.3 yuan higher than that of ordinary duck eggs,.

The method of producing red heart eggs is mainly to add carotenoids to the feed. Carotenoids are mainly lutein, which should be natural ingredients, especially additives rich in β-carotene, especially animal-derived β-carotene. Red heart eggs produced by adding β-carotene are not only good-looking in appearance, but also not easy to fade after cooking, and have good flavor. In particular, animal-derived β-carotene not only has the effect of maintaining life A, but also improves disease resistance, anti-aging, prevention of arteriosclerosis, brain atrophy, diabetes and other functions.

(2) Measures to improve colorants:

★Pay attention to the amount of vitamin A used. Colorant and vitamin A have absorption competition, to improve the degree of egg coloring, it is necessary to reduce the content of vitamin A in the feed. When adding coloring agents, the vitamin A content in the feed should be controlled at 800-1500 units/kg. When the vitamin A content per kilogram of feed is greater than 20000 units, the addition of coloring agents is basically invalid.

★Adding organic arsenic (such as arnilic acid, loxa arsenic) to the feed is beneficial to coloring.

★Increasing the content of vitamin E in feed is beneficial to coloring.

★Adding about 3% of fat in the feed is conducive to coloring.

★Reducing the content of dietary calcium, the dietary calcium of laying ducks does not exceed 3-3.5% is beneficial to coloring. Products produced by domestic natural pigment enterprises and their use

(3) The natural colorants sold on the market are "Golden Glitter", "Golden Fragrance" and "Golden Lufei" extracted from marigold, all of which contain lutein. There are also "viz red" extracted from chili peppers ".

Synthetic lutein "Jiali red", "Jiali yellow", "Lu Kangding red", "Lu Kangding yellow". recommend use of natural color additives. Domestic production of natural pigment companies are:

Guangdong Foshan Qiakang Company (40 product types of single and compound pigments), Tel: 0757-85552309

Chili red 38 yuan/kg, 0.5% added

Beet red 220 yuan/kg, 0.3 added

Lutein 50 yuan/kg, 0.5% added

Red Red 58 yuan/kg, 0.5 added

?-Carotene 120 yuan/kg, 0.3 added

2. Liaoning Muyuan Company

Products are: egg yolk red element, 80-120g/ton, telephone:

　　0434-6352996、13040305557

8. On the issue of promoting improved egg ducks. One is to promote improved breeds, one is Shaoxing duck and its supporting lines, and the other is Jinding duck, Suyou egg duck and Longlongshan duck. The second is to carry out hybridization purposeful to overcome the blindness of laying duck hybridization at present.

9. Develop and produce functional eggs to improve the added value of eggs.

Functional eggs are a large class of eggs, and their main functions are to enhance human immunity, prevent cancer, prevent cardiovascular disease, and improve human intelligence.

★High egg iodine: iodine content in feed is 175-225PPm, and it is better to add 3-4% seaweed with inorganic iodine.

★High zinc eggs: feed containing zinc 1000PPm.

★High selenium eggs: feed containing selenium 4-5PPm, to supplement methionine selenium or yeast selenium is appropriate, can also take selenium-rich plants and inorganic selenium feeding.

★High germanium eggs: feed containing germanium 80PPm.

★High-speed iron eggs: feed containing iron 1000PPm.

★Eggs with high unsaturated fatty acids: adding 5% marine fish oil to laying hen feed can obtain rich EPA(20 carbon 5 enoic acid, effective for heart disease, hyperlipidemia, cerebral thrombosis and arteriosclerosis) and DHA(22 carbon 6 enoic acid, effective for nervous system). Adding 8% canola seeds to the diet of laying ducks can also be produced.

10. Accelerate the construction of residential areas and promote the transformation of production methods.