规模化养鸡场的必要用药原则及常识

规模化养鸡场的必要用药原则及常识

规模化养鸡场的必要用药原则及常识

规模化养鸡场的必要用药原则及常识

规模化养鸡场的必要用药原则及常识

  随着社会的发展,国内规模化养殖业也是齐头并进,养殖密度越来越大,加上养殖业的整体环境也就日趋恶化,使得各种疾病的发病率也就愈来愈高和频繁,疾病也更加向多元化、混合型方向发展,也就使得治疗变得复杂化。对于鸡病我们倡导防大于治,但在必须治疗时我们就必须合理用药。

  1.了解疾病常识及易发时间,做到适时预防

  规模化养鸡场在考虑防控疾病时又要注意节约成本。所以要掌握疾病易发时间和规律,做到适时适当预防。例如2周龄以内雏鸡白痢威胁较大,故育雏前期主要是防白痢;3~7周龄就要做好球虫病的用药预防工作;可间歇性交替用药预防;初冬季节,气候变化大,鸡只易发呼吸道疾病及大肠杆菌病,这时除加强饲养管理工作与消毒防疫外,还应该提前做好药物防治。

  在用药的同时要注意更用心管理鸡群,保证营养供给,使鸡集体免疫力增强,使得药物发挥有效治疗作用。

  2.疾病的确诊和科学用药方法

  发生疾病时诊断要及时,并且准确查明致病原因。把握常用药的适应症同时要结合本场的情况正确用药,并且避免同一种药物的长期使用,避免耐药性的发生。

  2.1平常如鸡场无疾病发生不要经常无目的的,无针对性的乱用药,否则将导致耐药菌株增多而在关键治疗时束手无策。

  2.2规模化养鸡场个别鸡只发病时,不要整群长期过量投药,以免机体内脏受损伤或代谢混乱,影响发育。

  2.3切勿多种药物盲目连用影响药效。

  2.4对症下药。

  2.5应根据药物杂禽体内代谢的规律和参数来确定给药的方式和给药时间。

  3.合理掌握药物用法

  3.1饮水给药。注意了解药物的溶解度,对难溶的药物可经加热、搅拌或加助溶剂等,使得浓度符合要求;注意水质对药的影响,水质太硬,偏酸回哦偏碱等都会影响药效;理清饮水给药时间,预防断水,并且尽量在2~3小时内饮完。

  3.2混料给药。给药时要准确计算药物剂量,防止中毒。搅拌均匀,同时防止药物和饲料中某些成分发生抵抗作用。

  3.3注射给药。常用方式有皮下注射、肌肉注射。部位常选在肌肉多、血管少的地方,尤其是在治疗严重的濒死鸡时。

  3.4喷雾给药。鸡只的呼吸系统中肺和气囊合作密切,所以通过气囊可以增大给药扩散面积和范围,增加鸡只对药的吸收量。

  4.了解药物的品质,副作用及配伍

  规模化养鸡场用药要科学、时效、经济共享。治疗疾病必须既考虑成本,选择那些疗效确实而又价廉易得的、兼顾规模化养鸡场经济效益的药物。同时鸡场要配合消毒、防疫,并且加强日常管理。永远记得防重于治的原则。加强防疫,消除病源,使自己的规模化鸡场不断壮大。

  5.规模化养鸡场消毒剂的使用

  对于规模化鸡场消毒尤为重要,鸡舍中如果病毒和细菌含量达到致病数量就会使鸡群发病,所以环境带鸡消毒可以有效降低舍内的有害致病菌,从而保证鸡群安全。

  所选消毒剂要针对不同病原微生物选择不同类型消毒剂,例如所有消毒剂对球虫和芽孢子均无作用。实践证明每2~3天消毒依次是最佳消毒频率。

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